Instructional Courses

Instructional Courses

All Instructional Courses at the Barcelona Congress will be Free of Charge.
It is not necessary to register for these courses.

• Saturday
• Sunday
• Monday
• Tuesday

Course Handouts

• Saturday 5 September
  08:30-09:30

• IC 1
• 
  Basic microsurgical suturing techniques for beginners Pre Requisite Course

  Leader: B. Frueh | Course Level: Basic

• Faculty:    K. Mikek   B. Bachmann   T. van Goor        

  This is a pre-requisite course for the wetlab(s): BASIC SUTURING TECHNIQUES

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course emphasises basic microsurgical suturing techniques in open globe injuries, extracapsular cataract extraction and trabeculectomies.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: To teach beginners the basic principles of suturing and preparing them for their wetlab training / their very first case of suturing.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  K. Mikek: Importance of good suturing and good wound apposition; materials/needles; use of microscope, posture (10 mins)
  B. Frueh: Basics of suturing, skin (8 mins)
  T. Van Goor: Conjunctiva, cornea (15 mins)
  B. Bachmann: Trauma, trabeculectomy, sclera (15 mins)
  B. Frueh: Glue (5 mins)
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None
  

• Saturday 5 September
  10:30-12:30

• IC 2
• 
  Basic phacoemulsification (Part 1) Pre Requisite Course

  Leader: K. Tjia | Course Level: Basic

• Faculty:    A. Chakrabarti   N. Reus           

  This is a pre-requisite course for the wetlab(s): BASIC PHACOEMULSIFICATION

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: This is a wetlab pre-requisite course. These courses are designed for the beginning phaco surgeon. The faculty have a wealth of experience of both phaco and teaching principles. An insight will be offered into what phaco machines do and how, as well as technical details of how to set about the safe removal of cataractous lens.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: The beginning phaco surgeon should finish this course with an insight into the fundamentals of phacoemulsification, and be in a position to perform the surgery in a more structured and safe fashion.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Panel: Introduction (5 mins)
  K. Tjia: Basic ultrasound and fluidics (40 mins)
  N. Reus: Anaesthesia and potential for posterior vitreous pressure (15 mins)
  A. Chakrabarti: Capsulorhexis and risk for tear out and management (15 mins)
  K. Tjia: Hydrodissection (10 mins)
  N. Reus: Soft nucleus management (5 mins) and K. Tjia (15 mins)
  Presentations should include enough time to answer questions.
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None
  

• IC 3
• 
  LASIK: basic steps for safety and great results Pre Requisite Course

  Leader: G. Pamel | Course Level: Basic

• Faculty:    A. Kanellopoulos   J. Vryghem   A. Stojanovic   A. Sedky     

  This is a pre-requisite course for the wetlab(s): LASIK

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: Didactic approach to basic principles in LASIK. Excimer technology will be analysed, as well as microkeratome function and use. Indications, methodology and technique will be approached in a basic didactic function including post-operative care and management of the most common complications. Patient selection and treatment criteria will be discussed as well. This course will focus on the novice clinician, but will reiterate the basic principles for the experienced as well.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: The participants will share our experience and pearls of indications, patient selection, surgical technique and complication management for safe and effective results.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Dr. Vryghem (15 mins) -Common indications for LASIK surgery are:
  -anisometropia
  -significant ametropia
  -intolerance of contact lens use
  -intolerance of spectacle use
  
  Dr. Pamel (15 mins) - Common procedures that have preceded LASIK are:
  1. RK and AK,
  2. PRK
  3. INTACS
  4. Clear lens extraction
  
  Dr. Stojanovic (15 mins) - LASIK for myopia, astigmatism and hyperopia
  a)- Indications
  b)-Surgical technique adaptations for specific refractive errors
  c)- Adjuvant medications
  d)- post-operative management
  e)-Possible complications and their management
  
  Dr. Kanellopoulos15’- 4)LASIK patient selection
  a)- Indications
  b)-medical contraindications
  c)-personality dangers
  d)-pre-operative evaluation and refractive error
  
  Dr. Sedky (15 mins) - LASIK instrumentation-microkeratomes-
  a)- basic principles
  b)-pre-operative evaluation parameters
  c)-Surgical technique
  d)-Possible complications and their management
  e) maintenance issues
  f) Flap complications and How to manage
  
  Dr. Kanellopoulos (15 mins) - LASIK instrumentation-excimer lasers
  a)- basic principles
  b)-pre-operative evaluation parametres
  c)-Surgical technique
  d)-Possible complications and their management
  e) maintenance issues
  
  7.LASIK in action
  Step-by-step action on several procedures on tape, question-answer session and coverage of basic problemshooting with the panelist - Dr. Pamel, Kanellopoulos, Stojanovic, Vryghem, Sedky) 30’
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: ... travel has been funded, fully or partially, by a company producing, developing or supplying the product or procedure presented
  

• IC 4
• 
  Corneal cross-linking therapy Pre Requisite Course

  Leader: K. Mikek | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    C. Koppen   Z. Nagy   D. O'Brart   T. Seiler   F. Hafezi  

  This is a pre-requisite course for the wetlab(s): CORNEAL CROSS-LINKING THERAPY

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course will provide principles of corneal cross-linking treatment. The course will cover the history and concept behind cross-linking, laboratory studies, pharmaceutical properties of riboflavin and the role of ultraviolet irradiation. Epidemiological data, aetiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of keratoconus and other corneal ectasias will be discussed. The indications and contraindications for cross-linking therapy including details of different treatment protocols, dosage of riboflavin, and postoperative care will be covered. The result from different centers of corneal cross-linking treatment on its own and when combined with other corneal procedures will be presented. The complications of treatment, theories of corneal wound healing, indications for transepitheliall cross-linking, and finally new trends in the use of this technology will be discussed. An overview of the different technologies will be given.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: This instructional course is a pre-requisite for the hands-on; wetlab training session in the surgical skills transfer programme. The practical session will include:

  • All delegates will given an opportunity to practice on the different types of cross-linking systems on the market

  • Hands-on; training with pig eyes and operating microscope for each station

  • Two delegates per station

  • Preoperative assessment protocols,

  • Corneal anesthesia, instrumentation, steps of de-epithelization and riboflavin instillation (dosage, how many times, for how long, etc).

  • Equipment - different types of cross-linking systems and physical properties of the irradiating laser machine

  • Handling and storage of Riboflavin.

  • Postoperative care and treatment, follow-ups (how often, what to measure), management of complications to be discussed as a group. 

  • Discussions on the results of cross linking treatments.


  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  1. Introduction: aim of the instructional course together with the wetlab and introduction of the presented speakers. Kristina Mikek, Slovenia – 5 min

  2. Corneal ectasias and corneal biomechanics: corneal ectasias - epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, clinical features, and overview of management options. Corneal biomechanics - corneal structure, possible measurement techniques in-vitro and in-vivo, limitations of current knowledge. Carina Koppen, Belgium – 20 min

  3. Principles of corneal collagen cross-linkage: principles of corneal collagen cross-linkage with the review of initial laboratory studies in relation to efficacy and safety. Zoltan Nagy, Hungary – 15 min

  4. Review of published clinical studies: Update on RCT in London, efficacy, safety, complications, and limitations of current knowledge. David O Brart, UK – 20 min

  5. Operative techniques: Pre-operative assessment, patient counseling, the role of epithelial removal, transepithelial cross-linking, riboflavin dosage regimens, UVA exposure regimens, UV lamps and calibration, post-operative care and follow-up, complications. Kristina Mikek, Slovenia – 15 min

  6. Corneal cross-linking and refractive surgery. Theo Seiler, Switzerland – 15 min
  7. PACK-CXL for infectious keratitis. Farhad Hafezi, Switzerland – 15 min
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None

• IC 5
• 
  Surgical management of malpositioned lenses Pre Requisite Course

  Leader: B. Malyugin | Course Level: Advanced

• Faculty:    K. Rosenthal   E. Assia   V. Pfeifer   M.J. Tassignon   A. Crandall  

  This is a pre-requisite course for the wetlab(s): INTRAOCULAR & TRANSCLERAL SUTURING TECHNIQUE

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: The course is focused on the advanced surgical techniques in management of cataract cases complicated by the zonular weakness and zonular dialysis with the various types of capsular supporting devices. Participants will benefit from learning different IOL explantation and exchange techniques as well as the microendoscopy assisted vs conventional scleral fixation techniques.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: Moderate to severe subluxation of the natural crystalline lens can be effectively treated using the conventional and modified CTRs, capsular tension segment and capsular Anchor sutured to the scleral wall. Video presentation of a series of cases will provide tips for safe and efficient surgery. Capsular peeling as a part of the technique to restore the integrity of the capsular bag will be shown in different cases of postoperative capsular contraction. The implications of torqued IOL in inducing reduction in visual quality and lenticular astigmatism will be discussed. Participants will benefit from learning the techniques of suturing various types of malpositioned IOLs to the sclera and/or to the iris in order to provide stable long-term fixation. The use of an endoscope to position the suture directly into the ciliary sulcus will be described in details.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Boris Malyugin (15 min.) Overview of the course topics. Discussion of the main reasons of IOL explantation and exchange. Microendoscopy assisted vs conventional scleral fixation techniques of different IOL models. Management of cataract cases complicated by the large zonular dialysis with the new CTR model.
  Discussion (5 min.)
  Ehud I. Assia (15 min.) Moderate to severe subluxation of the crystalline lens using the Capsular Anchor. Different malpositioned IOL suturing techniques. Combined iris- scleral IOL suturing, 4-point iris fixation techniques.
  Discussion (5 min.)
  Vladimir Pfeifer (15 min.) Iris and ciliary sulcus fixation of three-piece IOL using straight needle. Surgical tactics in natural lens subluxation.
  Discussion (5 min.)
  Kenneth J. Rosenthal (15 min.) Implications of torqued IOL in inducing reduction in visual quality and lenticular astigmatism. Original technique to suture the lens with tutoplast scleral patches to cover. The viability of secondary IOL sutured to the anterior iris surface, and the use of multifocal IOL’s in exchange.
  Discussion (5 min.)
  Marie-José Tassignon (15 min.) Dislocated IOL exchange with Bag-in-the lens implantation techniques. New CTRs.
  Discussion (5 min.)
  Alan Crandall (15 min.) Gore-Tex sutures and Cionni modified CT rings and Ahmed CT segments.
  Discussion & Final Remarks (5 min.)
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: ... gains financially from product or procedure presented
  

• IC 6
• 
  Glaucoma surgery: modern perspectives

  Leader: K. Barton | Course Level: Advanced/Basic

• Faculty:    N. Anand   S. Lim   T. Shaarawy        

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course will deal with trabeculectomy, non-penetrating filtration surgery and aqueous shunt implantation, with an introduction to newer forms of minimally invasive surgery that are on the horizon.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this course is to describe best practice in trabeculectomy, non-penetrating filtration surgery and aqueous shunt implantation with emphasis on the steps that are essential for success.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Surgical technique -key steps and pitfall avoidance:
  Keith Barton: Trabeculectomy
  Nitin Anand: Trabeculectomy post-op care
  Nitin Anand: Non-penetrating surgery
  Sheng Lim: Aqueous shunt implantation
  
  New techniques:
  Keith Barton: Minimally invasive surgery -a foretaste
  Tarek Shaarawy: Suprachorodial shunts
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None
  

• IC 7
• 
  Pre-operative work-up in cataract surgery patients: the whys and hows of incorporating dry eye testing

  Leader: E. Holland | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    G. Smith   S. Srinivasan   M. Teus        

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: Attendees will have a better understanding of why the ocular surface impacts visual results using case examples, as well as the best method for diagnosis and management of dry eye in cataract surgery patients. Clinical results from ongoing studies exploring dry eye and cataract surgery will be presented, which demonstrate the impact of the ocular surface on pre-operative measurements.
  This course will cover the most effective management approaches in these patients, depending on if the dry eye is aqueous-deficient or evaporative.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this course, clinicians should be able to:
  • Understand the importance of the ocular surface in cataract patients scheduled for surgery
  • Identify the early signs and symptoms of dry eye disease
  • Compare and contrast available treatments for dry eye
  • Discuss how to optimize the ocular surface pre-operatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively in patients undergoing cataract surgery
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  1) Why dry eye matters in cataract patients
  a) Dry eye affects accuracy of measurements used for determining candidacy and for IOL selection and power
  i) Keratometry
  ii) Magnitude and axis
  iii) Topography
  iv) Wavefront aberrometry
  
  2) Incorporating dry eye screening into your practice workflow
  
  a) The value of objective screening and diagnosis -- Every cataract surgery patient should receive a thorough dry eye work up, especially if there are for premium IOL's
  
  b) Time/value comparison of newer diagnostic tools vs traditional methods
  
  
  3) Management of the ocular surface if dry eye is diagnosed
  
  4) Case studies illustrating untreated vs treated ocular surfaces
  
  5) Clinical results from ongoing clinical studies in the UK
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: ... receives consulting fees, retainer, or contract payments from a company producing, developing or supplying the product or procedure presented
  

• IC 8
• 
  The management of complications encountered during cataract surgery

  Leader: R. Osher | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    G. Barrett              

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: This perennial course dates back to the earliest days of this Society and is the oldest course offered at the ESCRS. Dr. Osher and Dr. Barrett team up to review a broad spectrum of intraoperative complications that occur during cataract surgery. Edited videos are presented and the speakers analyze warning signs, errors, and detail the surgical maneuvers necessary to achieve a successful outcome. The topics vary from year to year but the attendee should expect lots of excitement and spirited discussion from two highly experienced cataract surgeons. To teach early recognition of complications and to review those surgical maneuvers necessary to attain a successful outcome.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: To teach early recognition of complications and to review those surgical maneuvers necessary to attain a successful outcome.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  - Dr. Barrett will present 20 minutes
  - Dr. Osher will present videos for the remainder of the course
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: Yes
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: ... receives consulting fees, retainer, or contract payments from a company producing, developing or supplying the product or procedure presented
  

• IC 9
• 
  IOL calculation after refractive surgery EBO Accredited

  Leader: W. Haigis | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    K. Hoffer   J. Aramberri   N. Rosa   J. Stevens     

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: IOL calculation after refractive surgery is influenced by erroneous radius measurements, invalid formulas for corneal power and specific algorithms for ELP prediction in IOL formulas. Severe refractive errors may result after refractive surgery depending on the procedure applied, the type of ablation, the optical zone diameter, the amount of refractive correction and the measurement instruments used.
  The course will explain error sources in detail and will describe solutions. Current formulas and procedures for different clinical situations will be presented by leading experts together with clinical results.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: To enable attendees to select the proper IOL power calculation method after refractive surgery based on available clinical and measurement data.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD: IOL calculation after refractive surgery: overview
  Jaime Aramberri, MD: IOL calculation after refractive surgery: error sources
  Wolfgang Haigis, PhD: IOL calculation after refractive surgery: Haigis-L formula
  Julian Stevens, MD: IOL calculation after refractive surgery: BESSt formula
  Nicola Rosa, MD: IOL calculation after refractive surgery: ALMA approach
  IOL calculation after refractive surgery: no-history method
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: ... gains financially from product or procedure presented
  

• IC 10
• 
  DMEK from D to K: a step-­by-­step approach to Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty

  Leader: D. Rootman | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    M. Perez   K. Baig   J. Compan   N. Singal   A. Slomovic  

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: This video based course will present a complete guideline to simplify Descemets Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty and include it into the corneal surgeon’s armamentarium, based on our experience with over 230 cases. We will go through a detailed description on patient selection, required surgical devices, and a step­by step tutorial for each surgical stage, including a safe and unique method of corneal stripping and tissue preparation, insertion, positioning and attachment. Emphasis will be placed on tips & tricks for both standard and complex cases, with faculty panel discussion and interaction with attendees.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: Attendees will be exposed to standard and challenging endothelial dysfunction cases, in which DMEK could be an alternative, and will be able to discuss the different surgical approaches and management with the faculty panel, in order to gather the necessary knowledge to either implement and perfect this technique.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  1) Introduction
  2) History
  3) Tissue preparation:
  Management of:
  - Circumferential tears
  - Vertical tears
  - Wrong plane
  - Scleral spur removal
  - Tissue marking
  4) Descemetorhexis:
  - Standard
  - Femtosecond-assisted
  4) Insertion:
  - IOL Cartridge
  - Glass tubing
  - AC maintainer timing
  - AC depth management
  5) Unfolding:
  - Tap & Displace: direct; reverse
  - Hold and Microtap
  - Paracentesis outflow
  - BSS flip
  - Air bubble under triangle
  6) Air fixation:
  - Folds management
  7) Postoperative care
  8) Rebubbling techniques
  9) Special cases:
  - Glaucoma
  - Vitrectomized eyes
  - Post failed PK
  - Post failed DSAEK
  - Post failed DMEK
  - Post failed DLEK
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None
  

• Saturday 5 September
  14:30-16:30

• IC 11
• 
  LASIK: update with surgical tips in primary and secondary cases - basic comparison with surface ablation technique Pre Requisite Course

  Leader: D. Elies Amat | Course Level: Basic

• Faculty:    M. Remy   F. Malecaze   J. Gaytan-Melicoff   C. Winkler von Mohrenfels   A. Marinho  

  This is a pre-requisite course for the wetlab(s): LASIK

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: LASIK for correcting refractive errors is the most common and widely accepted refractive surgery. This course will provide basic and fundamental information about the special characteristics of LASIK, compared with PRK, as well as the new femtosecond-assisted refractive correction (FLEX and Smile procedures) the use or non-use of ethanol in surface ablation techniques and the role of wavefront-guided strategies with respect to excimer-induced higher-order aberrations will be explained. A range of complications will be identified, and compared with adverse events associated with PRK. Videos of the surgical techniques and some complications will be shown. The background information will be provided in handouts for each participant of the course.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this course is to describe best practice in LASIK corneal refractive surgery, compared with PRK and femtosecond lenticule extraction techniques, emphasizing on the steps that are essential for success. The course will cover the indications and patient selection criteria for these three procedures, and discuss in detail the modern surface ablation compared to LASIK.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Daniel Elies - Introduction: Outline and main goals of the course
  1. Matthias Remy - Preoperative evaluation: “What are the critical evaluations and considerations before the surgery?”
  2. Francois Malecaze - LASIK surgical technique: basics “step by step” tricks
  3. Javier Gaytan - Main surgical tips with the different approaches for LASIK reoperations)
  4. C.W. von Mohrenfels - Basic comparison (advantages-disadvantages) between LASIK and surface ablation techniques
  5. Daniel Elies - How to handle the main and most common peroperative complications including his own tips for basic LASIK surgery
  6. Antonio Marinho - The limits on corneal ablation techniques: main concepts in anatomical and refractive data
  All: Guided discussion. Question and answers from the audience.
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None
  

• IC 12
• 
  Basic phacoemulsification (Part 2) Pre Requisite Course

  Leader: N. Reus | Course Level: Basic

• Faculty:    K. Tjia   A. Chakrabarti           

  This is a pre-requisite course for the wetlab(s): BASIC PHACOEMULSIFICATION

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: These courses are designed for the beginning phaco surgeon. The faculty have a wealth of experience of both phaco and teaching principles. An insight will be offered into what phaco machines do and how, as well as technical details of how to set about the safe removal of cataractous lens.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: The beginning phaco surgeon should finish this course with an insight into the fundamentals of phacoemulsification, and be in a position to perform the surgery in a more structured and safe fashion.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  N. Reus: Nucleus management, medium cataract, crack techniques (20 mins)
  N. Reus: Nucleus management, hard cataracts, introduction to chop techniques (10 mins)
  A. Chakrabarti: Nucleus management, hard cataracts, personal chop techniques (20 mins)
  A. Chakrabarti: Mature cataracts (10 mins)
  K. Tjia: Nucleus management, hard cataracts, manual chop techniques (10 mins)
  A. Chakrabarti: Small pupil management (20 mins)
  K. Tjia: Posterior capsule rupture management (20 mins)
  Panel: Questions and answers (10 mins)
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None
  

• IC 13
• 
  How to incorporate diagnosis and management of dry eye into a refractive surgery practice EBO Accredited

  Leader: M. McDonald | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    A. Mateo Orobia   C. Salinger   J. Fernandez        

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: Undiagnosed dry eye can have a negative impact on visual outcomes following laser refractive surgery. This course will explain the benefits of proactively screening for dry eye, as well as how to treat prior to surgery.Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface.
  Dry eye is a well-documented complication/side effect after refractive surgery and can occur in up to 50% of cases. Following LASIK it has been reported that there is a significant decrease in corneal sensation due to the flap and ablation1.
  Most refractive surgeons fear that dry eye screening will reduce the number of eligible patients. But pre-operative screening for dry eye, and its treatment before surgery, is increasingly being advocated as a way to minimize this post-op complication.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: Undiagnosed dry eye can have a negative impact on visual outcomes following laser refractive surgery. This course will explain the benefits of proactively screening for dry eye, as well as how to treat prior to surgery.
  Attendees will have a better understanding of why the ocular surface impacts visual results, as well as the best method for diagnosis and management of dry eye. This course will cover a range of diagnostic technologies as well as the most effective management approaches in these patients. Finally, the impact of hyperosmolarity on post-LASIK and post-phaco outcomes will also be discussed
  Upon completion of this course, clinicians should be able to:
  • Identify the impact and importance of dry eye disease in patients scheduled for refractive surgery
  • Compare and contrast available technology for the diagnosis of dry eye
  • Understand the influence and utility of hyperosmolarity
  • Discuss how to incorporate dry eye management in refractive workflow
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  1. Overview of Dry Eye (Salinger)
  a. What is Dry Eye
  b. Subtypes of Dry Eye
  c. Impact of Hyperosmolarity on Dry Eye
  i. In a study presented in 2011, Lemp et al., reported the clinical utility of tear osmolarity for the diagnosis of Dry Eye
  ii. Sullivan et al., 2012 also confirmed the use of tear osmolarity as the best predictor of disease severity
  iii. In 2013, Montani showed the use of osmolarity as marker for therapeutic efficacy
  2. Dry Eye Diagnosis: Traditional and New Generation tests (McDonald)
  a. Technologies for the diagnosis of Dry Eye
  b. Technologies for the assessment of Dry Eye
  3. Impact of hyperosmolarity on Refractive Outcomes (Fernandez)
  a. Dry Eye and Refractive Surgery
  b. Pre-operative Assessment and Screening of Dry Eye
  c. Tear osmolarity – the Gold Standard?
  d. Study results
  4. Practical tips on incorporating a DE workflow into a Refractive clinic (Mateo)
  a. Testing for Dry Eye
  b. Practical Tips
  c. Impact of determining Tear Osmolarity on post-operative results
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: ... receives consulting fees, retainer, or contract payments from a company producing, developing or supplying the product or procedure presented
  

• IC 14
• 
  Conquering capsule complications

  Leader: D. Chang | Course Level: Advanced

• Faculty:    L. Nichamin              

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: Video cases will illustrate a spectrum of techniques for anterior and posterior capsule complications: trypan blue dye, vitreous tap for crowded anterior chamber, torn continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (CCC) options, secondary CCC enlargement, flap tear-out rescue technique, posterior CCC, rhexis capture of the optic, early recognition of posterior chamber rupture, conversion from top/clear corneal incision to extracapsular cataract extraction, posterior polar cataracts, IOL fixation with torn anterior or posterior capsule, capsular tension ring and capsule hooks for weak zonules, small pupil/floppy iris strategies (hooks, Malyugin and other expansion rings, epinephrine, Healon 5), pars plana bimanual anterior vitrectomy (± triamcinolone), and viscoelastic posterior-assisted levitation (PAL) + trap for descending nuclei.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: To use video cases to systematically review techniques of preventing, recognizing, and handling complications with either the capsulorrhexis or posterior capsule.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Preventing capsulorhexis complications -20 minutes (Chang & Nichamin)
  Managing capsulorhexis complications -10 minutes (Chang & Nichamin)
  Phaco with weak zonules -20 minutes (Chang & Nichamin)
  IOL implantation strategies with zonulopathy - 20 minutes (Chang & Nichamin)
  Posterior capsule rupture management - 20 minutes (Chang & Nichamin)
  Descending nuclei and anterior vitrectomy - 20 minutes (Chang & Nichamin)
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None
  

• IC 15
• 
  Big bubble, no trouble: a step-by-step approach to successful deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty with the big bubble technique

  Leader: A. El Danasoury | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    R. Fogla   S. Daya           

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: Deep Anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) has many advantages over penetrating keratoplasty for corneal pathologies sparing the endothelium, the most important is preserving the recipient healthy endothelium. The big bubble (BB) technique enables the DALK surgeon to expose Descemet’s membrane in most cases, however the surgical technique is challenging and it may need a long time to be mastered by a beginner surgeon. This video based course will address the DALK surgical technique in a step by step approach, highlighting the principle, surgical pearls and possible complications at each step from trephination to suturing going through bubble injection, puncture and stromal dissection. Also indications, clinical outcome and management of postoperative complication will be discussed in details.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: At the completion of the course, attendees should be able to understand the basic surgical principles of BB-DALK, learn different techniques for safe Descemet exposure, avoid surgical pitfalls that may lead to intraoperative difficulties and prevent and manage postoperative complications should they occur. The course will be conducted by an expert panel, with video based presentations that will create an interactive debate both among the speakers and audience.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Introduction to the course and the panel (Alaa Eldanasoury, 2 min)
  Basic Big Bubble Technique (Alaa Eldanasoury, 15 min)
  My best tips for successful DALk (Alaa Eldanasoury, 15 min)
  Discussion (10 min)
  What do I do differently? (Rajesh Fogla, 15 min)
  DALK Difficulties and Complications and how to overcome (Rajesh Fogla, 15 min)
  Discussion (10 min)
  Melles and Modified Melles techniques (Sheraz Daya, 10 min)
  Femtosecond DALK (Sheraz Daya, 10 min)
  Advanced Lamellar Techniques (Sheraz Daya, 10 min)
  Discussion (10 min)
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None
  

• IC 16
• 
  Improving outcomes in DSAEK surgery: basic and advanced

  Leader: D. Tan | Course Level: Advanced/Basic

• Faculty:    J. Mehta   C. Chan   R. Angunawela   T. Wong     

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course provides surgical strategies in DSAEK to improve outcomes and reduce complications, through video-based teaching, to manage complications and to handle more complex or adanced cases.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: To understand the key surgical principles at different stages of DSAEK surgery, and evaluate alternative approaches, so as to avoid complications and improve outcomes, and to learn modified surgical strategies for complex or more advanced cases.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  1. Course introduction: why improve on your DSAEK technique?
  2. Standard DSAEK technique – the key surgical concepts 

  3. Reducing donor endothelial cell loss and iatrogenic graft failure

  4. Reducing, and managing complications in the early postoperative period
  5. Glaucoma in the DSAEK patient
  6. Approach to complex DSAEK cases
  7. Surgical strategies in complex and complicated cases - a video potpourri
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: ... gains financially from product or procedure presented

• IC 17
• 
  Current state of CXL (corneal cross-linking): controversies and recommendations

  Leader: F. Hafezi | Course Level: Advanced

• Faculty:    C. Mazzotta   B. Randleman   G. Kymionis        

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course will discus the latest controversies and trends in CXL and will give clear clinical recommendations on the use of CXL in 1) keratoconus, PMD and post-LASIK ectasia, 2) CXL Plus, the use of CXL in combination with refractive procedures, 3) PACK-CXL, the use of CXL for infectious infiltrates and corneal ulcers. The first presentation will give a concise overview about the established indications of keratoconus, postoperative ectasia, and PMD.
  The second talk will discuss the latest modifications of CXL technology (i.e. iontophoresis epi-on, accelerated protocols, pulsed CXL) and their clinical proof and relevance, and will summarize with concrete recommendations regarding intensities and irradiation times that should be used clinically. The third presentation shines a light on CXL Plus, the combination of CXL technology and refractive surgery techniques. The fourth presentation is on PACK-CXL for the treatment of corneal infiltrates and ulcers. It will summarize the current state of clinical application, new experimental findings, and recent improvements of the technique.
  The last element of the course will be a round table discussion with active participation of the audience.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: The objective of the course is to make the clinician familiar with the indications and contraindications of CXL. The course will provide a comprehensive overview on the current state of CXL, its basic principles, the technique, clinical indications and recommendations. 1) To update the clinician with the latest modifications of the treatment protocol, 2) To enable the clinician to choose the ideal treatment parameters for each indication, 3) To demonstrate future trends in the use of CXL and 4) to give clear and concise guidelines for treatment.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  1) CXL for keratoconus, PMD and postoperative ectasia. Pediatric cases, structural changes, epithelial mapping, Brillouin microscopy
  (20 min + 5 min discussion, Cosimo Mazzotta)
  
  2) CXL Treatment Modifications: Fluence (accelerated protocols), Irradiation Profiles, Oulsed CXL, Role of the Epithelium and of oxygen
  (20 min + 5 min discussion, Bradley Randleman)
  
  3) CXL in refractive laser surgery, CXL Plus: (CXL and PRK, CXL and ICR, CXL and PIOLs, role of PTK)
  (20 min + 5 min discussion, George Kymionis)
  
  4) PACK-CXL for infectious keratitis (corneal infiltrates and ulcers)
  (20 min + 5 min discussion, Farhad Hafezi)
  
  5) Round table discussion (20 min)
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: ... gains financially from competing product or procedure, ... travel has been funded, fully or partially, by a competing company, ... travel has been funded, fully or partially, by a company producing, developing or supplying the product or procedure presented, ... research is funded, fully or partially, by a company producing, developing or supplying the product or procedure presented, ... receives non-monetary benefits from a competing company., ... receives non-monetary benefits from a company producing, developing or supplying the product or procedure presented., ... has significant investment interest in a competing company, ... has significant investment interest in a company producing, developing or supplying product or procedure presented
  

• IC 18
• 
  Mastering subluxated cataracts and IOLs: a video-based course

  Leader: A. Agarwal | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    S. Masket   G. Barrett   E. Assia        

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: Subluxated cataracts and IOL's can be handled using the Cionni rings, Ahmed segments, Jacob capsular hooks. The technique of glued IOL and refixation of subluxated IOL's using glue or suturing will also be covered. This will all be taught through videos.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: The attendee will be able to treat subluxations of different types and get good results in such cases
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  0.00- Introduction- Amar Agarwal
  0.20- Subluxated cataracts-
  0.40-Subluxated IOL- Amar Agarwal
  0.40- Glued IOL- Samuel Masket
  1.00-subluxated cataract- Graham Barrett
  1.20-Small pupils and Subluxation - Ehud assia
  1.40 Problems in subluxation-
  2.00- Close
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None
  

• IC 19
• 
  Update on multifactorial keratoconus and ectasia diagnosis and progression assessment

  Leader: A. Kanellopoulos | Course Level: Advanced

• Faculty:    G. Asimellis   R. Ambrosio   D. Reinstein        

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: Brief presentations of methodology based on evolving anterior segment imaging modalities (Scheimpflug imaging, Placido Topography, Cornea Rigidity visualization, Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Corneal and Epithelial Imaging, ocular Stray-light quantifiers, and novel Multicolored-spot reflection topography). Particular emphasis will be given to Epithelial Thickness Imaging as well as in novel stromal and epithelial symmetry indices that may aid the clinician in earlier diagnosis and visual function assessment in most anterior segment peri-operative assessments: laser refractive surgery, IOL calculations and post cataract surgery visual function assessment, ectasia stabilization with CXL and last: excimer and/or customized CXL refractive normalization.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: Attendees will share some extensive and broad clinical experience in novel diagnostics that may pose a new paradigm for ectasia and progression assessment, as well as refraction and visual function assessment in cataract and refractive surgery that goes way beyond the slit lamp and phoropter clinical cornerstones in clinical ophthalmology.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  1. Diagnosis and Classification of Keratoconus by Anterior-Segment Imaging: Current status and recent developments-Dr. Ambrosio 10’
  2. Scheimpflug imaging indices based on anterior-surface irregularity-Dr. Asimellis 10’
  3. Cornea Visualization rigidity measurements (CorVis)-Dr. Ambrosio 10’
  4. Anterior-Segment OCT indices based on
  a. Total cornea asymmetry and focal thinning
  b. Corneal epithelial asymmetric distribution
  5, 6 and & 7 by Dr. Asimellis & Dr. Kanellopoulos; 15’
  5. Novel Multicolored-spot reflection topography
  6. Imaging of cross-linked corneas: Pearls and Alerts
  7. Atomic-Microscopy imaging in keratoconic and cross-linked corneas
  8. Corneal thickness imaging limitations
  8&9 by Dr Asimellis and Kanellopoulos 15’
  9. Stray-light measurements in keratoconus cataract and refractive surgery.
  10. Epithelial irregularities and clinical relevance ; Dr Reinstein; 15’
  a. Epithelial thickness distribution and topographic regularity in healthy patients
  b. Epithelial hyperplasia
  c. Epithelial topographic irregularity
  11. Postoperative epithelial remodeling following refractive, cataract surgery and keratoplasty. Dr Kanellopoulos 15’
  12. Panel discussion (Ambrosio, Reinstein, Asimellis and Kanellopoulos) and example presentations 30’
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: ... travel has been funded, fully or partially, by a company producing, developing or supplying the product or procedure presented
  

• Saturday 5 September
  15:30-17:00

• IC 20
• 
  PRK, LASEK and Epi-LASIK Pre Requisite Course

  Leader: D. Epstein | Course Level: Basic

• Faculty:    I. Pallikaris              

  This is a pre-requisite course for the wetlab(s): PRK, LASEK & EPI-LASIK

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: The special characteristics of PRK, LASEK and Epi-LASIK as well as the use or non-use of ethanol will be elucidated. The role of wavefront-guided strategies with respect to excimer-induced higher-order aberrations will be demonstrated. Outcomes achievable with cutting-edge technology will also be presented. A range of complications will be identified, and compared with adverse events associated with LASIK. Brief videos of the surgical techniques will be shown.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: The course will cover the indications and patient selection criteria for these three procedures, and discuss in detail the advantages of modern surface ablation as compared to LASIK.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  D. Epstein: Basic principles (15 mins)
  D. Epstein: PRK (15 mins)
  I. Pallikaris: Advanced surface ablation (15 mins)
  I. Pallikaris: Epi-LASIK (15 mins)
  D. Epstein: Complications (15 mins)
  I. Pallikaris / D. Epstein: Wavefront guided ablations and other advanced techniques (15 mins)
  Discussion (30 mins)
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None
  

• Saturday 5 September
  17:00-18:00

• IC 21
• 
  Intracorneal rings for keratoconus and post-LASIK ectasia Pre Requisite Course

  Leader: D. Touboul | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    C. Roberts   G. Reggiani Mello           

  This is a pre-requisite course for the wetlab(s): FERRARA RINGS, KERARINGS AND INTACS

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: Several studies have demonstrated that intracorneal rings are able to improve the corneal shape and visual acuity of contact lens intolerant keratoconic patients with central clear cornea.
  Different models are currently available.
  The rings may be implanted into the stroma with a conventional manual dissection, or with the help of femtosecond laser technology. They are implanted at the periphery of the cornea at two-third depth. The goals of the rings are to improve vision acuity, to prevent or delay corneal grafts and to make contact lens intolerant patients become tolerant.
  More than 100,000 Intacs have been implanted worldwide, with an improvement of the vision in about 80% of cases.
  The procedure may be used in primary corneal ectasia, keratoconus, or in cases of post-LASIK ectasia.
  The procedure is reversible: the rings may be removed if needed.
  The course will include the discussion of sequential or simultaneous rings implantation and corneal collagen cross-linking.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: The attendees will be able to learn the principles, when to indicate the technique and how to diagnose and solve complications in patients with intracorneal rings. At the end of the course, the attendees will be able to participate in a surgical lab and learn how to implant the intracorneal rings.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  D. Touboul: ICRS for keratoconus and post-LASIK ectasia: basic knowledge (15 + 5 mins)
  C. Roberts: Biomechanical concerns hiding behind the rings insertion (15 + 5 mins)
  G. Mello: ICRS practice in routine: good and bad illustrated cases (15 + 5 mins)
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: ... receives consulting fees, retainer, or contract payments from a company producing, developing or supplying the product or procedure presented
  

• IC 22
• 
  Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis: from indications to innovations Pre Requisite Course

  Leader: M. Cortina | Course Level: Advanced

• Faculty:    S. Hannush   J. de la Cruz   E. Arrondo        

  This is a pre-requisite course for the wetlab(s): BOSTON KERATOPROSTHESIS (B-KPro)

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: With the emerging success of the Boston KPro type I keratoprosthesis as an alternative to multiple failed corneal transplants, there is a renewed interest in adequate patient selection, implantation techniques, as well as proper postoperative management. Successful keratoprosthesis surgery and retention requires a unique interaction between the corneal prosthesis and its surrounding environment. 

  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: The video and case vignette based course aims to instruct the surgeon in understanding basic and advanced concepts of Boston KPro type I surgery and management. The course will also present established as well as novel methods on how to successfully approach surgery of the KPro type I in clinical practice.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Introduction (1 min)
  
  Preoperative evaluation: S. Cortina (13 min)
  Detailed review of most important considerations in patient selection and preoperative assessment when preparing to implant a Boston type 1 Kpro.
  
  Surgical approach: S. Hannush (14 min)
  Step by step from assembly to implantation of the Boston type 1 Kpro.
  
  Postoperative management with focus on glaucoma: E. Arrondo (14 min)
  After a review of the International and Institutional experience with the Boston KPro Type I, we will focus on the most important surgical tips especially those related with the management of glaucoma
  
  Innovations and current challenges: J. de la Cruz (14 min)
  Frequent complications and their related management and outcomes will be discussed. Finally, recent innovations in the field of keratoptosthesis including impact of design modifications as well as future directions in clinical research will be covered.
  
  Questions and answers (4 min)
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: Yes
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None

• IC 23
• 
  Less than perfect outcomes after uneventful cataract surgery: what are we missing?

  Leader: A. Chakrabarti | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    S. Masket   R. Packard   R. Sinha        

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course will deal with the various causes of less - than - perfect outcomes after uneventful and uncomplicated cataract surgery and to formulate a definite game plan to deal with these disgruntled postoperative patients. Topics covered are a brief overview of the common causes of poor visual outcome after an uncomplicated cataract surgery, patient specific factors, such as diabetes and old age, ocular surface disease, keratitis medicamentosa, undetected preoperative astigmatism, problems in patients with multifocal IOL implants, early posterior capsular opacification , negative and positive dysphotopsia, vitreous opacities after phaco, IOL decentration due to button holing, capsular bag decentration/dislocation, unexpected postoperative ametropia and subtle macular pathologies. The importance of a thorough evaluation to rule out the entities responsible as well as preoperative counseling will be emphasized.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the course the attendee will become competent in managing their dissatisfied patients who have less - than - perfect outcomes after uneventful and uncomplicated cataract surgery.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Introduction & Brief Review: Arup Chakrabarti (3 min)
  1. My Vision Is Coming and Going Group: The OSD patient: Arup Chakrabarti (7 min)
  2. Corneal Pathologies Responsible For Subnormal Visual Recovery: Namrata Sharma (7 min)
  3. Posterior Capsular Opacification: Arup Chakrabarti (7 min)
  4. Dysphotopsias: Samuel Masket (7 min)
  5. Late IOL Decentration: Samuel Masket (7 min)
  6. The Unhappy Multifocal IOL Patient: Richard Packard (10 min)
  7. Cystoid Macular Edema and Subtle Macular Pathologies: Arup Chakrabarti (5 min)
  Discussion
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None

• IC 24
• 
  Learning phaco chop: pearls and pitfalls EBO Accredited

  Leader: D. Chang | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    K. Tjia              

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: Phaco chop minimizes ultrasound time and zonular stress. Pearls and strategies for learning this technique will be presented based upon the instructors' experience in teaching residents. Both horizontal (Nagahara) and vertical (quick chop) methods of chopping will be taught with video footage. A stepwise game plan for converting to phaco chop will be presented, along with phacodynamics principles for selecting machine parameters and instrumentation.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: Attendees will learn both variations of the phaco chop technique, their advantages in complicated cases, the instrumentation, machine parameters, and transition steps involved, and common mistakes.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Horizontal versus Vertical Chop -20 minutes (Chang)
  Transitioning to Chop -15 minutes (Chang)
  Chopping Brunescent Nuclei -5 minutes (Chang)
  Phacodynamics -20 minutes (Tjia)
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None
  

• IC 25
• 
  Meibomian gland dysfunction and chronic blepharitis

  Leader: J. McCulley | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    S. Awwad              

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: The understanding of the role of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in chronic blepharitis and ocular surface disease is rapidly evolving. MGD can be considered one of the chronic blepharitides and is increasingly being recognized as a cause of dry eyes and ocular surface disease. Its place among the blepharitides as well as the sub groups of MGD will be discussed in detail along with the presumed pathophysiological mechanisms involved in each of the sub groups including the role of bacteria and their lipolytic exoenzymes, meibum/lipid biochemical changes, and aqueous tear evaporation. Acute phase therapy to bring the conditions under control will be presented as well as optimal long term therapy to maintain control. The role of topical therapies as well as systemic therapies will be discussed as they relate to both lid and ocular surface abnormalities.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: Familiarize ophthalmologists with the place of MGD amongst the chronic blepharitides and pathophysiological mechanisms. Optimal acute phase therapies and chronic therapies to maintain control will be presented.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  I. Tear film characteristics (5 min)
  a) Complex molecular mix
  b) Instability options
  c) Specifics of lipid layers
  
  II. Blepharitis (5 min)
  a) Types
  b) Classification system
  c) MGD types in McCulley classification system
  
  III. MGD (20 min)
  a) Organizational chart classification system
  b) Alternate system
  c) Definition
  d) Approach to diagnosis
  e) Major types
  f) Clinical signs and symptoms
  g) Pathogenesis
  h) Clinical significance of MGD
  
  IV. Therapy (20 min)
  a) Principles of acute and maintenance therapy
  b) Management of MGD
  c) Patients needing topical antibiotic
  d) Patients needing systemic antibiotics
  e) Tear substitutions of choice
  f) Nutritional supplements
  
  V Conclusion (5 min)
  a) An integrated ocular surface complex in health and disease
  b) Blepharitis is better understood and better treated, but it still sucks!
  
  VI Questions and answers (5 min)
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None

• IC 26
• 
  Successfully managing post-keratoplasty astigmatism

  Leader: R. Fogla | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    M. Belin   J. Ashar   S. Daya        

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: Course will cover various options available to manage astigmatism post keratoplasty. Despite a clear corneal graft, visual recovery is often suboptimal due to high astigmatism. Managment techniques include, special contact lens fitting, relaxing incisions and compression suturing, modern laser refractive surgery including customized surface ablation or LASIK, and lens based surgery. Intraoperative techniques to minimize postoperative high astigmatism will be presented. A variety of clinical cases will be presented with each aspect of management to enable discussion and audience interaction.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: Attendee will have a clear understanding of how to minimize astigmatism post keratoplasty, and successfully manage astigmatism using different techniques presented in the course.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Intra-operative tips to reduce astigmatism in corneal surgery -10 mins
  Contact lens fitting in post keratoplasty eyes -10 mins
  Surgical options for managing astigmatism post keratoplasty -10 mins
  Role of laser procedures in post keratoplasty eyes -10 mins
  Toric IOL's in post keratoplasty eyes -10 mins
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None

• IC 27
• 
  Astigmatism management in cataract surgery

  Leader: M. Kummelil | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    R. Nuijts              

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: Course will present and overview of the current concepts in astigmatism management in Cataract Surgery. It will include Vector Analysis for calculating Surgically Induced Astigmatism and a discussion of the preoperative evaluation, video based demonstration of the surgical techniques and results of the clinical outcomes of Toric IOLs and Femtosecond assisted astigmatic keratotomies. The scope of and limitations of technologies available to Optimize Astigmatism Refractive Outcomes using Intraoperative Guidance are presented. Finally refractive surprises are analysed using illustrative cases with to highlight the importance of appropriate diagnostics to evaluate Posterior Corneal Astigmatism, Corneal Biomechanics and Epithelial Remodelling.
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: Attendees will get an understanding of the current concepts in the calculation of Surgically Induced Astigmatism, the methods of correcting astigmatism using toric intraocular lenses or femtosecond assisted astigmatic keratotomies and the methods of optimising the clinical outcomes using intraoperative guidance systems. Refractive surprises, complications and management of challenging situations are presented and discussed.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  Theory and Practice of Vector Analysis for Understanding Surgically Induced Astigmatism: 12 minutes
  TORIC IOLs vs Femto AK in the management of Astigmatism: Rudy Nuijts - 12 minutes
  Optimizing Astigmatism Refractive Outcomes using Intraoperative Guidance: - 12 minutes
  Making sense of Unexpected Astigmatic Outcomes: Posterior Corneal Astigmatism, Corneal Biomechanics and Epithelial Remodelling: Mathew Kurian Kummelil - 12 minutes
  Audience Interaction and Panel Discussion: 12 minutes
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None

• IC 28
• 
  Wavefront optics for the non-mathematician

  Leader: G. Prakash | Course Level: Intermediate

• Faculty:    V. Jhanji              

  COURSE DESCRIPTION: Wavefront analysis is a fast growing essential tool in the armamentarium of the ophthalmologist. However, there is a lot of shared domain knowledge from topics from optics and mathematics, thus it is daunting task sometimes. The objective of this course is to summarize the major concepts in wavefront optics into simple, understandable medical terms and thus help increase the interpretation. The course would also look at the clinical situations where wavefront evaluation can be useful. This would not be limited to refractive surgery but to unique indications such as wound healing, ocular surface changes, keratoconus and surgical changes among others. Finally the course will look at the volume of wavefront data generally available to the specialist and help in making algorithms for interpretation
  
  COURSE OBJECTIVES: The course attendees can look forward to a medical interpretation of wavefront optics, with minimal mathematics and complex equations. It is meant towards increasing the understanding of wavefront disorders, various clinical conditions and the roles of wavefront optics in refractive and non refractive surgery setting. The attendees would be demonstrated the methods to gather useful information for analysis and interpretation of data from the various wavefront outputs and how this data can enhance their clinical practice.
  
  COURSE SCHEDULE:
  
  1) How much mathematics is needed? Very little to understand … a lot to confuse!
  2) Complex terminologies : simple explanations
  3) Making sense of wavefront data : the reverse approach
  4) Clinical interpretations : case based examples from refractive surgery
  5) Opening horizons : non refractive surgery uses of wavefront data
  6) Choosing the right data
  7) Conclusion
  
  SINGLE PRODUCT COURSE: No
  
  FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None